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Santa Maria Lacrimosa degli Alemanni, Bologna
Santa Maria Lacrimosa degli Alemanni is a small church and sanctuary, built during the Renaissance era, and located on Via Mazzini number 65 in central Bologna, Italy.
==History==
Originally sandwiched between the no longer-extant parish church of Santa Maria degli Alemanni and a still-active monastery of Carmelite nuns, ''Visitazione di Santa Maria''. The sanctuary was built to house an icon of the ''Lacrimose'' (crying) Virgin that had been painted on a wall at the site. The portico of the church was originally commissioned by the Bolognese Senate in 1539, and the columns are adorned with the symbol of the Senate. By the 1600s, the sanctuary was attached to Carmelite nuns who constructed the adjacent convent. The present church was extensively refurbished over the centuries. Between 1619 and 1625, the chapels of the Saints Teresa and Joseph were built. Among the architects involved at this time was Floriano Ambrosini. In 1690, the polychrome marble ''Chapel of the Holy Family'' was completed, designed by Ferdinando Bibiena. In the 18th-century, Alfonso Torreggiani reconstructed one of the chapels. In 1797, the Napoleonic authorities closed the convent and sanctuary. Two of the altarpieces, an ''Assumption of the Virgin'' by Lorenzo Sabbatini and a ''Madonna degli Scalzi'' (1590) by Ludovico Carracci, were looted to France.〔The Sabbatini and Carracci altarpieces are now in Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna.〕
In 1808, the archibishop of Bologna, Cardinal Carlo Opizzoni, closed and sold of the Alemanni church, and instead made the sanctuary the local parish.〔(Santuario di Santa Maria Lacrimosa degli Alemanni ), entry by Annalisa Sabattini for website of the Direzione Regionale per i Beni Culturali e Paesaggistici dell'Emilia-Romagna.〕 The Alemanni church, once named either for German students at the University of Bologna housed at a local hostel,〔(Le chiese parrocchiali della diocesi di Bologna, ritratte e descritte ), Volume 1, by Bologna diocese, Lithography Marchi e Corty, Tipografia of San Tommaso d'Aquino (1844), page 87.〕 or perhaps for being the site of worship for members of a Teutonic Order. Only the belltower of the Alemanni church remains. The sanctuary was renamed the church of ''Santa Maria Lacrimosa degli Alemanni''.〔A. Sabattini entry.〕
In the interior on the right, the Bibiena Chapel has an altarpiece of a ''Holy Family'' by Gioacchino Pizzoli. There are also altarpieces by Marcantonio Franceschini (''St John of the Cross''); Domenico Maria Canuti (''St Teresa''); and Giacinto Garofalini.〔(Biblioteca Salaborsa ), entry on the church.〕 The church once held a wooden crucifix by Alessandro Algardi, and a copy of the ''Virgin of St Luke'' by Guido Reni.
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